Prezentul perfect nedefinit în limba engleză

Present Perfect Tense (numit și The Indefinite Present Perfect) este un timp verbal în limba engleză. În limba română poartă numele de Perfect prezent nedefinit.

Acest timp exprimă:

• acțiuni și stări care au avut loc și s-au terminat anterior momentului vorbirii, dar care sunt în legătură cu prezentul prin consecințele lor;
• acțiuni repetitive frecvent într-un interval temporal legat de prezent (indicate cu adverbe de timp ca: always, often, every day);
• acțiuni și stări desfășurate intr-un interval de timp orientat spre prezent.

Acest timp verbal se formează din prezentul auxiliarului to have plus participiul (forma a treia a) verbului de conjugat. Ca structură este echivalent cu timpul numit în limba română perfect compus.

Exemplu cu verbul to be
Forma afirmativă	Forma negativă	Forma interogativă
I have been	I have not (haven't) been	Have I been?
You have been	You have not (haven't) been	Have you been?
He/She/It has been	He/She/It has not (hasn't) been	Has He/she/it been?
We have been	We have not (haven't) been	Have we been?
You have been	You have not (haven't) been	Have you been?
They have been	They have not (haven't) been	Have they been?

Exemplu cu verbul to learn
Forma afirmativă	Forma negativă	Forma interogativă	Forma negativ-interogativă
I have learned	I have not learned	Have I learned?	have I not learned?
You have learned	You have not (haven't) learned	Have you learned?	Have you not learned?
He/she it has learned	He/She/It has not (hasn't) learned	Has He/she/it learned?	Has he/she/it not learned?
We have learned	We have not (haven't) learned	Have we learned?	Have we not learned?
You have learned	You have not (haven't) learned	Have you learned?	Have you not learned?
They have learned	They have not (haven't) learned	Have they learned?	Have they not learned?

Exemplu cu verbul to learn, forma contrasă
Forma afirmativă	Forma negativă	Forma negativ-interogativă
I've learned	I haven't learned	Haven't I learned?
You've learned	You haven't learned	Haven't you learned?
He's/she's/it's learned	He/She/It hasn't learned	Hasn't he/she/it learned?
We've learned	We haven't learned	Haven't we learned?
You've learned	You haven't learned	Haven't you learned?
They've learned	They haven't learned	Haven't they learned?

Răspuns scurt (short answer)

În cazul răspunsului afirmativ nu se poate folosi forma contrasă, iar în cazul răspunsului negativ folosirea formei contrase este obligatorie:

• Yes, I have.
• Yes, you have.
• Yes, he/she/it has.
• Yes, we have.
• Yes, you have.
• Yes, they have.

• No, I haven't.
• No, you haven't.
• No, he/she/it hasn't.
• No, we haven't.
• No, you haven't.
• No, they haven't.

Vezi și

• Verbe neregulate în limba engleză